CHAPTER # 3
 
 
                                         METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

During recent year’s survey research has become wide spread. It is the core of market research and public opinion polling. It is major research approach for social science and is frequently used by administration in business and government. A survey some sort has been conducted in most of the countries of the earth. United Nations it self made extensive use of sample survey.

Survey research has attracted the attention of those charged, which determining educational policies, those involved in its administration and scholars interested in school problems. School executive operate within setting of several public and several sectors of this public with varying influence, interest and involvement in school affairs with the growth of population and the increase centralization of schools, these public has become so large that and yet so crucial to school function that only survey type operation can keep one apprised of conditions.

Inspire of its usefulness, full-scale survey is not some thing that can utilize, easily, cheaply, and frequently. However the necessary stages and procedures can be simplified and adopted to fit specific situations and local limitations.

There is virtually no known limit to the information that can be gathered by survey research procedure. There is also little limit on procedure. The survey is probably the most widely used method for obtaining descriptive and evaluation information in education. Reflecting this popularity as research fools virtually every area of education has been surveyed. There are surveys of private and public school, kindergartens and colleges teacher and students, teaching practices and learning styles, achievement levels and aspiration goals to name only few. Survey and sponsored by federal government, state board of education local schools districts and individual schools. Surveys may represent national or international populations of single elementary are secondary school. Some surveys are explicitly design together descriptive information, such as amount of time teachers allocate mathematics instructions some are designed to test specific hypothesis such as whether the time spent in learning is positively related to achievement growth. There are surveys that use questionnaire and those that rely on personal interview or telephone calls. Some surveys seek information at one point at time (cross sectional design) other seeks information at more then one point in time (longitudinal design).

There are four basic dimensions along with surveys can be classified

(1) Purpose description of a population and explanation of specific relationships.

(2) The population on which survey is based.

(3) Design cross sectional or longitudinal.

(4) Type of instrumentation, i.e. questionnaire, interviews or telephone calls.
 
 

3.2 What is Survey:

Survey is the one of the important methods of investigation. Dictionary meaning of survey Is over looking. By this method a research worker tries to look forward to different problems with respect to different subjects. Testinger and kot are opinion that "many research problems require systematic collection of data, from population through the use of personal interviews or other data gathering devices these studies are usually called surveys when they are concerned with large and widely diversed group of people". Mark Abraham has defined survey by saying that, "a survey is process by which qualitative facts are collected about the different aspects of community ". Bogardus ES is of view that a survey is collection of data concerning the living and working conditions, broadly S.M Harrison says that, "A survey is a process by which quantitative facts are collected about the different aspects it will be observed that survey with view and purpose that general specific information should be collected and compiled ".
 
 

3.3 Methodology of Survey:

Study of relevant literature. It means try to understand all aspect of problems about which survey is being conducted, through reading relevant literature from books, news papers, encyclopedia and magazines.

Consultation and discussion with colleagues and experts:

It means to know the view of your colleagues and experts about the problem, you have selected for study or survey. Packing in consideration those views you will start your work easily.

Observation:

You are going to study the problems in specific situation you have to observe those situation very well and on the basis of those observations you will start your work.

3.4 Purpose of Survey:

The main purpose of survey is to have and collect information about specific aspect. The survey tries to cover important social problems including those of literacy, unemployment, poverty, corruption crimes and the like. Infect the more comprehensive the survey more shall be the scope. Aim of survey is to collect data and obtain scientific and well ordered information such a data qualitative as well as quantitative. Then the other aim is to have correct information about problems. The survey also aims at finding out the causes of backwardness and retardation. It is also utilization because it also suggest ways for the betterment. Remedial measures and then recommended and suggested to safeguard the interest of the unprivileged.

3.5 Techniques of date collections:

The scientific research start from data

collection. We collect information on the variables of the hypothesis. While the hypothesis tries to explain the problems selected for study. The information collected

from research opens gates of fact in research. This is very

difficult job to get information from the sample on the

required problem. The method used for getting data are

the following

  1. Questionnaire
  2. Mailed Questionnaire
  3. Interview Guide
  4. Interview Schedule
  1. Questionnaire: It is a set of questions to which the responded answer himself. He fill in the columns of the questions as a proforma of National Identity Card and proforma for applying in admission in college.

    2.  

     

    A set of questions is arranged in such a manner that information on variable can be collected. The respondent is free to respond the question as he likes. He is morally bound to reply correctly.

  2. Mailed Questionnaire: The questionnaire when sent
to the responded by post along with self addressed

envelope baring pottage is called mailed questionnaire.

A request is also sent with that questionnaire

may kindly at be filed in and returned as early as

possible. The responded are selected according to the

choice of researcher.

  1. Interview guide: It is set of points helping the interviewer during interview. These points are not in the

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    from of question. Questions are framed verbally at the

    same moment before the interview. The structure

    of questions goes on changing for all the

    interviewees. The points are not fixed but help the

    interviewer

    in getting information from the respondents. He can

    change these points according to the situation.

    Such information is not useful for exact determination

    of facts. It helps in understanding the situation.

    Problem and condition of the people and the area.

  2. Interview Schedule: It is the most important technique of collecting reliable information from the
respondent. It is painful but vary useful. It is significant exact in nature. It is definite, formal, structured

systematic and controlled in all respects.

An interview schedule is set of questions whose responses have already been recorded along with

Questions. All questions carry their answers along with their figures and weights. The indicators and indicates have been given in the formed of questions that respondent is bound to reply on any answer given in the schedule. The respondent is not allowed to refrain from responding the questions.